Results supported measurement invariance and it was concluded that forward and backward digit span scores should be interpreted as measures of the same cognitive ability. Measurement invariance tests of the precise numerical generalization of trait estimation across groups. The model for Digit Span was then cross-validated in a seizure disorders sample (n = 223) by replication of the CFA and by examination of measurement invariance. The total raw score for Digit Span is now based on Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward, and Digit Span Sequencing. First and foremost digit span, along with reaction time, may be viewed as one of the two original paradigms used by experimental psychologists to investigate cognition. Results suggested that four correlated factors underlie Digit Span, reflecting easy and hard items in both forward and backward presentation orders. The term digit span encompasses several important constructs and names of tests designed to measure these constructs. ![]() The present study explored the dimensionality of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III Digit Span (forward and backward) items in a sample of heterogeneous neuroscience patients (n = 267) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for dichotomous items. Some published research suggests that Digit Span forward should be interpreted differently from Digit Span backward. Auditory degradation that may slow, but which does not ultimately prevent identification, appears to have negligible impact on short-term and working memory spans.The Digit Span subtest from the Wechsler Scales is used to measure Freedom from Distractibility or Working Memory. For both CI listeners and listeners with NH, stimulus degradation does not appear to significantly affect memory span, unless an effect on simple identification is also present. Repeat the sequence of numbers shown during the test. Traditional digit span correlated more strongly with our primary span measure for listeners with CIs than for listeners with NH.ĭigit span can be studied independently of perception in many adult CI users. A popular working memory test that is used in many cognitive and neuroscience research labs. Frequency-shifted vocoded digits were particularly challenging for older adult listeners with NH to identify. A new mean span (MS) metric of DS was developed that showed reduced variance, improved test-retest reliability, and higher correlations with the results of other neuropsychological. Frequency-shifted vocoded digits, however, yielded lower scores that could mostly, but not entirely, be accounted for by crediting for perceptual errors. We measured digit span (DS) in two experiments that used computerized presentation of randomized auditory digits with performance-adapted list length adjustment. Among listeners with NH, spans for vocoded digits that were not frequency shifted did not differ from spans for unprocessed stimuli. Instead, individual differences in span in the CI group were better predicted by simple no-load identification times. Age was only weakly related to span in CI listeners. ![]() Identification times, however, were significantly slower under memory load. Perceptual accuracy, thus, did not affect digit span in these listeners. We measured forward and backward recall for spoken digits in 25 adults with CIs (M = 57 years range = 20-82 years), 10 older adults with NH (> 55 years M = 64 years), and 11 younger adults with NH ( 99% correct, on average), both in isolation and while experiencing a memory load. We also assess how vocoder-based degradation impacts identification and digit span in older versus younger listeners with normal hearing (NH). Do perceptual errors and longer processing times depress memory span scores for such listeners? An intensive digit span assessment using manual responses is compared with traditional digit span, which uses only a few speech-based trials. Here, we examine whether the accuracy and speed of auditory digit identification are associated with short-term and working memory in adults with CIs as a function of age. Studies of how cochlear implant (CI) users remember spoken words often do not fully disentangle perceptual influences from memory assessment because stimulus identification is rarely checked instead, correct perception is assumed by using simple or practiced stimuli. Short-term and working memory vary across individuals and life span.
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